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Macrothelypteris torresiana

(Gaudich.) Ching (1963)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Pteridophyta Class/Clade: Polypodiopsida Order: Polypodiales Family: Thelypteridaceae Genus: Macrothelypteris

mariana maiden fern

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form:

Stems:

Roots:

Leaves:

Sori:

Gametophyte:

Ploidy:

Habitat:

Elevation Range:

Historical Distribution

Synonyms (52)

Aspidium leucopis Fée (1852)
Aspidium mollissimum Christ (1898)
Aspidium oligophlebium (Baker) Christ (1904)
Aspidium tenericaule Thwaites (1864)
Aspidium uliginosum Kunze (1847)
Dryopteris alsophiloides (Fourn.) C.Chr. (1905)
Dryopteris elegans Koidz. (1924)
Dryopteris lasiocarpa Hayata (1911)
Dryopteris mollissima (Christ) C.Chr. (1905)
Dryopteris oligophlebia (Baker) C.Chr. (1905)
Dryopteris oligophlebia var. lasiocarpa (Hayata) Nakai (1920)
Dryopteris oligophlebia var. lophaea Ogata (1933)
Dryopteris setigera var. pallida Alderw. (1908)
Dryopteris tenericaulis (Wall. ex Hook.) Ching (1933)
Dryopteris trichodes Rosenst. (1917)
Dryopteris uliginosa (Kunze) C.Chr. (1934)
Hypolepis punctata var. henryi Christ (1905)
Hypolepis trichodes Fée (1852)
Lastrea cosmopolita Brade (1972)
Lastrea flaccida Bedd. (1863)
Lastrea oligophlebia (Baker) Copel. (1947)
Lastrea oligophlebia var. elegans (Koidz.) Nakai (1952)
Lastrea oligophlebia var. lasiocarpa (Hayata) H.Itô ex M.Mizush. (1955)
Lastrea tenericaulis (Wall. ex Hook.) T.Moore (1858)
Lastrea torresiana (Gaudich.) T.Moore (1858)
Macrothelypteris changshaensis Ching (1963)
Macrothelypteris oligophlebia (Baker) Ching (1963)
Macrothelypteris oligophlebia var. changshaensis (Ching) K.H.Shing (1999)
Macrothelypteris oligophlebia var. elegans (Koidz.) Ching (1963)
Macrothelypteris torresiana monstr. lophaea (Ogata) Nakaike (1992)
Macrothelypteris torresiana var. calvata (Baker) Holttum (1965)
Nephrodium oligophlebium Baker (1875)
Nephrodium setigerum var. calvatum Baker (1875)
Nephrodium tenericaule (Wall. ex Hook.) Hook. (1862)
Phegopteris alsophiloides E.Fourn. (1873)
Phegopteris oligophlebia (Baker) Salomon (1883)
Phegopteris trichodes J.Sm. (1857)
Polypodium balansae Baker (1891)
Polypodium nemorale Brack. (1854)
Polypodium russelianum Wall. (1832)
Polypodium tenericaule Wall. ex Hook. (1857)
Polypodium trichodes J.Sm. ex Houlston & T.Moore (1851)
Polystichum oligophlebium (Baker) Baker (1891)
Polystichum torresianum Gaudich. (1828)
Thelypteris lasiocarpa Hayata (1911)
Thelypteris oligophlebia (Baker) Ching (1936)
Thelypteris oligophlebia var. elegans (Koidz.) Ching (1936)
Thelypteris oligophlebia var. lasiocarpa (Hayata) H.Itô (1938)
Thelypteris torresiana (Gaudich.) Alston (1960)
Thelypteris torresiana var. calvata (Baker) K.Iwats. (1965)
Thelypteris uliginosa (Kunze) Ching (1936)
Thelypteris uliginosa var. elegans (Koidz.) K.Iwats. (1960)

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

Kaua'i Naturalized
O'ahu Naturalized
Molokai Naturalized
Maui Naturalized
Hawai'i Naturalized

Dispersal Agents

Water/Ocean
Wind

Vegetative Reproduction

Bibliography

Name Published In: Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8: 310 (1963)

Other References

Palmer 2003:176 (K, O, M, H); Oppenheimer 2016:26 (Mo)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Macrothelypteris torresiana South Halawa Gulch Preserved_Specimen Topping, D.L. 2690 Oahu BISH 1923-07-08
2 Macrothelypteris torresiana East Maui, open ridge along W side of Kaliae ridge Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 979 Maui BISH 1981-01-21
3 Macrothelypteris torresiana Kilauea Volcano, crater floor, Pele's bathroom Preserved_Specimen Neal, M.C. Hawaii BISH 1927-08-02
4 Macrothelypteris torresiana Kaumana Caves above Hilo. Preserved_Specimen Lyon, H.L. Hawaii BISH 1925-07-01
5 Macrothelypteris torresiana Maui Zoo. Preserved_Specimen Corn, C. Maui BISH 1981-02-06
6 Macrothelypteris torresiana Parker Ranch, ~2 mi toward Hualalai from Waikii Preserved_Specimen Horner, E. Hawaii BISH 1953-05-01
7 Macrothelypteris torresiana Back of Hilo, Kaumana Cave in 1880 lava flow. Preserved_Specimen Lyon, H.L. Hawaii BISH 1919-08-31
8 Macrothelypteris torresiana West Maui; along rocky banks of Iao Stream Specimen was situated with other vegetation consistent with that of an alien dominated stream corridor within Ohia Lowland Mesic Forest. Associated vegetation: Psidium guajava, Pluchea symphytifolia, Ageratina riparia, Oplismenus hirtellus, Melinis minutiflora, Thelypteris parasitica, Commelina diffusa. Preserved_Specimen Oppenheimer, H.L. 280 Maui BISH 1998-01-02
9 Macrothelypteris torresiana East Maui, Ulaino, along banks of Haleleikeoha Stream In disturbed Pandanus forest. Assoc. w/Pandanus tectorius, Aleurites moluccana, Ardisia elliptica, Spathodea campanulata, Hibiscus tiliaceus, Pipturus albidus, Clidemia hirta, Medinilla venosa, Ageratina riparia. Preserved_Specimen Oppenheimer, H.L. 314 Maui BISH 1998-06-22
10 Macrothelypteris torresiana Puu Ohia. Beginning section just past trail head. Growing in doodoo forest with Christella parasitica, Arthrostemma ciliatum, Odontonema cuspidatum, Montanoa hibiscifolia, Toona ciliata, And many other exotics. Preserved_Specimen Thomas, M.K. 655 Oahu BISH 2024-05-01
11 Macrothelypteris torresiana Kaliuwaa Alluvial rock along the 1 degree streambed. Sp. typically in shaded situations sheltered from wind, common in this drainage. Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 3915 Oahu BISH 1988-07-30
12 Macrothelypteris torresiana Waimanalo, Manuawili contour trail, approximately 1.5 m w from the Waimanalo trailhead. Open, sunny area along trail with assorted weeds, area recently weed whacked. Associated with uluhe. Preserved_Specimen Faccenda, K. 3380 Oahu BISH 2024-04-14
13 Macrothelypteris torresiana Uhumehame Gulch under overhanging cliff along stream; dry Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 12574 Maui BISH 1939-08-25
14 Macrothelypteris torresiana Poamoho near trailhead. Northern Koolau Mountains. Growing under Eucalyptus canopy with Metrosideros polymorpha, Acacia koa, Nephrolepis brownii, Freycinetia arborea, and others. Preserved_Specimen Thomas, M.K. 612 Oahu BISH 2023-10-19
15 Macrothelypteris torresiana Honolulu: Foster Botanic Gardens Cultivated. Preserved_Specimen Potter, C. Oahu BISH 1960-01-08
16 Macrothelypteris torresiana Wainiha Valley moist forest, bottom of draw Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 13921 Kauai BISH 1934-01-01
17 Macrothelypteris torresiana Ahupuaa of Kaipapau. Norther Koolau mountains. Disturbed lowland mesic/wet forest dominated by exotic species. Growing near remnang patch of Pritchardia martii. Also growing with xChristelliopsis palmeri, Asplenium nidus, Aslpenium musifolium, Stachyterpheta jamaicense, Pandanus tectorius, and others. Preserved_Specimen Thomas, M.K. 983 Oahu BISH 2025-02-04
18 Macrothelypteris torresiana Headwaters of Waiakeakua Scattered terrestrial in clear understory of Syzygium malaccense stand, talus rock. Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 3948 Oahu BISH 1988-08-21
19 Macrothelypteris torresiana Makapipi near Pogues tunnel In a very shaded cavelike overhang. Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 2912 Maui BISH 1987-07-28
20 Macrothelypteris torresiana 30 mi from Hilo along Volcano road dry open woods Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 281761 Hawaii BISH 1929-06-16
21 Macrothelypteris torresiana Lihue, Hoary Head Mts., N side, ridge to base of Kamaulele Cordyline, Aleurites, Pisonia, Psidium, Syzygium malaccense, Adiantum, Christella, Blechnum, Diplazium Preserved_Specimen Flynn, T.W. 2956 Kauai BISH 1988-04-26
22 Macrothelypteris torresiana Kaliuwaa Streambed forest (±monotypic) of Syzygium malaccense, relatively common on banks covered with Zingiber zerumbet and Cyrtandra laxiflora. Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 3914 Oahu BISH 1988-07-30
23 Macrothelypteris torresiana East Maui, above the Hana Highway by Hahalawe Bridge at Koali in Kipahulu. Disturbed Wet Lowland Forest Preserved_Specimen Welton, P. 1745 Maui BISH 1993-07-10
24 Macrothelypteris torresiana Honolulu watereshed, waterfall mauka of Puu Pia Riparian forest dominated by Cecropia obtusifolia, community almost totally alien in angiosperm composition, locally common on rock rubble; with Marattia, Cibotium and Christella spp. Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 3946 Oahu BISH 1988-08-21
25 Macrothelypteris torresiana Lihue District. Hoary Head Range. North side of range along ridge leading to base of Kamaulele In secondary forest dominated by Cordyline, Aleurites, Pisonia and Psidium. In Syzygium malaccense grove with Adiantum, Christella, Blechnum and Diplazium. Preserved_Specimen Flynn, T.W. 2956 Kauai BISH 1988-04-26
26 Macrothelypteris torresiana Manoa. Waihii nui falls, on side of pool. Disturbed secondary forest dominated by exotic trees. Growing on rocky ledge with Isachne pallens and various bryophytes. Also abundant along main trail near the waterfall. Preserved_Specimen Thomas, M.K. 196 Oahu BISH 2021-11-29
27 Macrothelypteris torresiana Waipio Trail shaded bank Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 24002 Hawaii BISH 1950-01-01
28 Macrothelypteris torresiana Wailau Valley, tributary of Pulena Stream on south side. Naturalized among rocks along perennial stream. Vegetation: Metrosideros, Bobea, Syzgium, Psychotria, Aleurites, Antidesma, Dicranopteris, Clidemia, Hedychium, Musa, Tibouchina, Cyclosorus, Cyperus. Preserved_Specimen Oppenheimer, H.L. 71516 Molokai BISH 2015-07-14
29 Macrothelypteris torresiana Honolulu: Mrs. J.L.Robertson's garden, 2436 Burbank Street In garden. Preserved_Specimen Neal, M.C. Oahu BISH 1940-06-02
30 Macrothelypteris torresiana Koolau Range: Manoa Valley; Lyon Arboretum, Back slope of Cottage A Cultivated. Preserved_Specimen Nagata, K.M. 2581 Oahu BISH 1982-12-02
31 Macrothelypteris torresiana Hamakua District, Waipio Valley, ca. 2 miles into the valley Infrequent roadside fern in disturbed secondary forest, growing with Pipturus albidus, Pluchea, Paspalum conjugatum. Preserved_Specimen Imada, C. 9936 Hawaii BISH 1999-06-19
32 Macrothelypteris torresiana Kaliuwaa Streambed forest (±monotypic) of Syzygium malaccense, relatively common on banks covered with Zingiber zerumbet and Cyrtandra laxiflora. Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 3914 Oahu BISH 1988-07-30
33 Macrothelypteris torresiana East Maui, Hana Hwy., by Punalau Bridge, Honomanu highway shoulder Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 867 Maui BISH 1980-07-31
34 Macrothelypteris torresiana Kaliuwaa Alluvial rock along the 1 degree streambed. Sp. typically in shaded situations sheltered from wind, common in this drainage. Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 3915 Oahu BISH 1988-07-30
35 Macrothelypteris torresiana Kaliuwaa Alluvial rock along the 1 degree streambed. Sp. typically in shaded situations sheltered from wind, common in this drainage. Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 3915 Oahu BISH 1988-07-30
36 Macrothelypteris torresiana East Maui, Koolau Gap, E side deep shade under wet ledge by stream Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 3394 Maui BISH 1991-07-18
37 Macrothelypteris torresiana Wainiha Valley, Wainiha moist lower forest, bottom of draw Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 13921 Kauai BISH 1934-01-01
38 Macrothelypteris torresiana S.Hilo, Panaewa FR, adjacent to Puna boundary moist Molochia, Melastoma, Metrosideros forest Preserved_Specimen Nagata, K.M. 1651 Hawaii BISH 1978-05-27
39 Macrothelypteris torresiana Ahupuaa of Kaipapau. Norther Koolau mountains. Disturbed lowland mesic/wet forest dominated by exotic species. Growing near remnang patch of Pritchardia martii. Also growing with xChristelliopsis palmeri, Asplenium nidus, Aslpenium musifolium, Stachyterpheta jamaicense, Pandanus tectorius, and others. Preserved_Specimen Thomas, M.K. 983 Oahu BISH 2025-02-04
40 Macrothelypteris torresiana East Maui, above the Hana Highway by Hahalawe Bridge at Koali in Kipahulu. Disturbed Wet Lowland Forest Preserved_Specimen Welton, P. 1745 Maui BISH 1993-07-10
41 Macrothelypteris torresiana Lihue District. Hoary Head Range. North side of range along ridge leading to base of Kamaulele In secondary forest dominated by Cordyline, Aleurites, Pisonia and Psidium. In Syzygium malaccense grove with Adiantum, Christella, Blechnum and Diplazium. Preserved_Specimen Flynn, T.W. 2956 Kauai BISH 1988-04-26
42 Macrothelypteris torresiana Hilo, Kaumana Cave Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 606 Hawaii BISH 1915-05-20
43 Macrothelypteris torresiana Hilo-Kilauea road, 23 miles in forest Preserved_Specimen Cranwell, L.M. 3230 Hawaii BISH 1938-09-13
44 Macrothelypteris torresiana East Maui, Ulaino, along banks of Haleleikeoha Stream In disturbed Pandanus forest. Assoc. w/Pandanus tectorius, Aleurites moluccana, Ardisia elliptica, Spathodea campanulata, Hibiscus tiliaceus, Pipturus albidus, Clidemia hirta, Medinilla venosa, Ageratina riparia. Preserved_Specimen Oppenheimer, H.L. 314 Maui BISH 1998-06-22
45 Macrothelypteris torresiana Lihue District. Hoary Head Range. North side of range along ridge leading to base of Kamaulele In secondary forest dominated by Cordyline, Aleurites, Pisonia and Psidium. In Syzygium malaccense grove with Adiantum, Christella, Blechnum and Diplazium. Preserved_Specimen Flynn, T.W. 2956 Kauai BISH 1988-04-26
46 Macrothelypteris torresiana Haupu Range near Nawiliwili Bay Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 701 Kauai BISH 1916-10-31
47 Macrothelypteris torresiana East Maui, Hana District, Hana, SE of Hamoa to Waioka, Makaalae, near old sugarmill site coastal pasture lands; with Nephrolepis, Phymatosorus, Sporobolus Preserved_Specimen Flynn, T.W. 2568 Maui BISH 1987-10-27
48 Macrothelypteris torresiana Kaliuwaa Alluvial rock along the 1 degree streambed. Sp. typically in shaded situations sheltered from wind, common in this drainage. Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 3915 Oahu BISH 1988-07-30
49 Macrothelypteris torresiana Honolulu watereshed, waterfall mauka of Puu Pia Riparian forest dominated by Cecropia obtusifolia, community almost totally alien in angiosperm composition, locally common on rock rubble; with Marattia, Cibotium and Christella spp. Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 3946 Oahu BISH 1988-08-21
50 Macrothelypteris torresiana Uhumehame Gulch under overhanging cliff along stream; dry Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 12574 Maui BISH 1939-08-25
51 Macrothelypteris torresiana Lihue, Hoary Head Mts., N side, ridge to base of Kamaulele Cordyline, Aleurites, Pisonia, Psidium, Syzygium malaccense, Adiantum, Christella, Blechnum, Diplazium Preserved_Specimen Flynn, T.W. 2956 Kauai BISH 1988-04-26
52 Macrothelypteris torresiana Lihue District. Hoary Head Range. North side of range along ridge leading to base of Kamaulele In secondary forest dominated by Cordyline, Aleurites, Pisonia and Psidium. In Syzygium malaccense grove with Adiantum, Christella, Blechnum and Diplazium. Preserved_Specimen Flynn, T.W. 2956 Kauai BISH 1988-04-26
53 Macrothelypteris torresiana Honolulu watereshed, waterfall mauka of Puu Pia Riparian forest dominated by Cecropia obtusifolia, community almost totally alien in angiosperm composition, locally common on rock rubble; with Marattia, Cibotium and Christella spp. Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 3946 Oahu BISH 1988-08-21
54 Macrothelypteris torresiana Kaliuwaa Streambed forest (±monotypic) of Syzygium malaccense, relatively common on banks covered with Zingiber zerumbet and Cyrtandra laxiflora. Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 3914 Oahu BISH 1988-07-30
55 Macrothelypteris torresiana Koolau Range: Tantalus Naturalized. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 28174 Oahu BISH 1930-06-15
56 Macrothelypteris torresiana Hilo, Kaumana Cave Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 606 Hawaii BISH 1915-05-20
57 Macrothelypteris torresiana East Maui, Koolau Gap, E side Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 3395 Maui BISH 1991-07-18
58 Macrothelypteris torresiana near Onomea Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 28175 Hawaii BISH 1929-06-22
59 Macrothelypteris torresiana Kilauea; N.E. Ledge 19.4N 155.3W Preserved_Specimen Krajina, V.J. 611225002 Hawaii BISH 1961-12-25
60 Macrothelypteris torresiana East Maui, Hana District, SE slope of Haleakala, Nuanualoa Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1759 Maui BISH 1919-12-05
61 Macrothelypteris torresiana East Maui, Hana District, SE slope of Haleakala, Nuanualoa Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1759 Maui BISH 1919-12-05
62 Macrothelypteris torresiana National Park, Hilina Pali Preserved_Specimen Fagerlund, G.O. 156 Hawaii BISH 1942-11-12
63 Macrothelypteris torresiana East Maui, Kahikinui, in a damp lava tube depression below Hokukano cinder cone Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 1160 Maui BISH 1981-10-04
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